Morgan graduated from Oberlin College in 1986 with a BA in Third World Studies, a self-designed major.[3] She has credited much of her later academic success to Adrienne Lash Jones, Oberlin's third tenured Black professor and the first tenured Black professor in the Africana studies department.[3] Morgan earned her PhD in history from Duke University in 1995.[1] Her dissertation was titled Laboring women: Enslaved women, reproduction, and slavery in Barbados and South Carolina, 1650-1750.[4]
Morgan's first book, Laboring Women, was published in 2004. It discusses the experiences of enslaved women in the United States, including how enslavers exploited the reproduction of enslaved women to grow their labor force.[2]
As of 2024, Morgan is working on a third book, The Eve of Slavery, which will examine "African women in seventeenth-century North America," including the story of Elizabeth Key, an enslaved woman who successfully sued for her freedom.[2]
Morgan, Jennifer L. (2009-03-09). ""Women's Sweat": Gender and Agricultural Labor in the Atlantic World". In Radway, Janice A.; Gaines, Kevin; Shank, Barry; Von Eschen, Penny (eds.). American Studies: An Anthology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-1-4051-1351-9.
Morgan, Jennifer L. (2011). "Gender and Family Life". In Heuman, Gad J.; Burnard, Trevor (eds.). The Routledge history of slavery. The Routledge histories. London ; New York: Routledge. ISBN978-0-415-46689-9.