Panjang Procolophon mencapai 30 sentimeter (12 in), dan dianggap sebagai herbivor atau insektivor. Tengkorak Procolophon berbeda karena duri pipinya menghadap ke latero-posterior, bersama dengan duri kulit pada tulang pendengarannya. Para paleontolog memperdebatkan fungsi dari duri pipinya. Beberapa paleontolog menempatkan bahwa tonjolan-tonjolan bertulang adalah titik tempel otot. Procolophon memiliki mata besar, dan mungkin memiliki penglihatan malam yang akut. Giginya yang berbentuk seperti pasak cocok untuk menghancurkan materi tumbuhan. Bagian depan tengkoraknya pendek dan tumpul dengan bukaan hidung yang dekat dengan mulut.[7][8]
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