Organ (anatomi)

Organ
Beragam organ internal dalam tubuh manusia
Rincian
SistemSistem organ
Pengidentifikasi
Bahasa Latinorgani
YunaniΟργανο
FMA67498
Daftar istilah anatomi

Dalam biologi, organ adalah kelompok jaringan yang menjalankan fungsi serupa. Kehidupan hewan dan tumbuhan bergantung pada banyak organ yang bekerja sama dalam bentuk sistem organ.

Secara umum, jaringan yang menyusun organ dapat digolongkan menjadi parenkim dan stroma. Parenkim merupakan jaringan yang khas dalam organ (atau setidaknya membentuk pola dasar organ) dan yang melakukan pekerjaan khusus organ tersebut, sedangkan stroma adalah jaringan yang mengerjakan fungsi pendukung, struktural, pengikat, atau tambahan. Sebagai contoh, dalam sebuah organ kelenjar, jaringan yang menghasilkan hormon adalah parenkim, sedangkan stroma meliputi jaringan saraf yang menginervasi parenkim, pembuluh darah yang menyuplai oksigen dan memberi nutrisi serta membawa limbah metaboliknya, ditambah jaringan ikat yang menyediakan tempat yang cocok dalam tubuh dan menjaga posisinya. Jaringan utama yang menyusun suatu organ cenderung memiliki asal-usul embriologis yang sama, seperti muncul dari lapisan tubuh yang sama.

Beberapa contoh organ pada hewan yaitu jantung, paru-paru, otak, mata, lambung, limpa, pankreas, ginjal, hati, usus, kulit, dan uterus. Organ tumbuhan mencakup akar, batang, daun, bunga, dan buah beserta biji. Selain itu, terdapat pula organ-organ aksesori, seperti trikoma (rambut daun atau batang), duri, dan sulur, atau organ-organ penyimpanan cadangan makanan, seperti umbi, rimpang, dan stolon. Pada organisme bersel tunggal seperti bakteri, terdapat organel yang merupakan analog dari organ untuk struktur subseluler.

Hewan

Hewan non-Placozoa seperti manusia memiliki berbagai macam organ. Meskipun ada beragam pendapat tentang definisi dan jumlah organ tubuh manusia, tetapi beberapa pendapat menyebutkan bahwa manusia memiliki 78 organ.[1][2] Pada tahun 2017, mesenterium dianggap sebagai organ ke-79.[3][4] Tidak semua organ dibutuhkan untuk bertahan hidup. Hanya ada lima organ (otak, jantung, hati, paling tidak satu ginjal, dan paling tidak satu paru-paru) yang diperlukan untuk mempertahankan kehidupan sehingga mereka disebut sebagai organ vital.[1]

Beberapa contoh organ pada tubuh manusia yaitu:[5]

Tumbuhan

Tumbuhan tingkat rendah tidak memiliki pembedaan organ. Hanya terdapat satu tipe organ, yang disebut talus. Pada tumbuhan berpembuluh, organisasi sistem organ biasanya mencakup beberapa organ yang terkadang saling tumpang-tindih fungsinya.

Referensi

  1. ^ a b Leviss, Dani (11 Oktober 2020). "How many organs are in the human body?". Live Science. Diakses tanggal 24 November 2020. 
  2. ^ "What are the 78 Organs In The Human Body". Byju's. Diakses tanggal 24 November 2020. 
  3. ^ Embury-Dennis, Tom (3 Januari 2017). "A new organ has been discovered inside the human body". The Independent. Diakses tanggal 24 November 2020. 
  4. ^ Alexander, Roberta (18 Januari 2017). "'New' Organ Found in Human Body". Healthline. Diakses tanggal 24 November 2020. 
  5. ^ Shahid, Shahab (29 Oktober 2020). "Review of all the human body organs". Kenhub. Diakses tanggal 24 November 2020. 

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