Kösem Sultan (pengucapan bahasa Turki: [cøˈsemsulˈtan]) (nama lengkap Devletlu İsmetlu Haseki Mahpeyker Kösem Buyuk Valide Sultan Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri; ca 1590 – 2 September 1651) – juga dikenal sebagai Mahpeyker Sultan[4] (pengucapan bahasa Turki: [mahpejˈkeɾsulˈtan]) – adalah salah satu wanita paling berkuasa dalam sejarah Utsmaniyah.[4][5][6][7] Beliau adalah istri sah dan Haseki Sultan (Permaisuri Kekaisaran) dari Sultan UtsmaniyahAhmed I (r. 1603–1617), ia meraih kekuasaan dan mempengaruhi politik Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah melalui suaminya, kemudian melalui putra-putranya Murad IV (r. 1623–1640) dan Ibrahim (r. 1640–1648), dan terakhir melalui cucunya Mehmed IV (r. 1648–1687). Ia menjadi Valide Sultan[4] serta Naib I Saltanat (Pemangku Sultan) ketika putra-putranya Murad IV dan Ibrahim serta cucunya Mehmed IV menjabat sebagai sultan Utsmaniyah. Ia merupakan figur berpengaruh dan paling terkemuka pada masa Kesultanan Wanita. Setelah kematiannya, ia dikenal dengan nama "Valide-i Maktule" (ibu yang terbunuh), dan "Valide-i Șehide" (ibu yang menjadi martir).[8]
Kösem berasal dari Yunani,[9][10][11][12] sebagai putri dari seorang pendeta di pulau Tinos.[13][14] Nama maiden-nya adalah Anastasia.[15] Ia dijadikan budak di Bosnia Utsmaniyah oleh beylerbey Bosnia,[14][16] dan dikirim ke Konstantinopel, ibu kota Utsmaniyah, pada usia lima belas tahun, ke harem Sultan Ahmed I setelah membatalkan pendidikannya di Konstantinopel. Setelah ia pindah ke Islam, namanya diubah menjadi Mahpeyker (Bulan Terbentuk), dan kemudian oleh Sultan Ahmed I menjadi Kösem.[12] Ia dipindahkan ke istana lama saat kematian Sultan Ahmed pada 1617, namun dikembalikan sebagai Valide Sultan, ketika putranya Murad IV naik tahta pada 1623.
^Singh, Nagendra Kr (2000). International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties. Anmol Publications PVT. hlm. 423–424. ISBN81-261-0403-1. Through her beauty and intelligence, Kösem Walide was especially attractive to Ahmed I, and drew ahead of more senior wives in the palace. She bore the sultan four sons – Murad, Süleyman, Ibrahim and Kasim – and three daughters – 'Ayşe, Fatma and Djawharkhan. These daughters she subsequently used to consolidate her political influence by strategic marriages to different viziers.
^ abcDouglas Arthur Howard, The official History of Turkey, Greenwood Press, isbn= 0-313-30708-3, p. 195
^Bator, Robert, – Rothero, Chris (2000). Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Istanbul. Twenty-First Century Books. hlm. 42. ISBN0-8225-3217-4. When such a son became sultan, his slave mother would become the most powerful woman in the Ottoman Empire. The Macedonian slave Kösem earned this distinctionPemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
^Westheimer, Ruth Karola, – Kaplan, Steven (2001). Power. University of Virginia: Madison Books. hlm. 19. ISBN1-56833-230-0. Maypeyker Sultan, better known as Kösem Sultan, is remembered by the Turks as the most powerful woman of her timePemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
^Necdet Sakaoğlu (2007). Famous Ottoman women. Avea. hlm. 129.
^al-Ayvansarayî, Hafiz Hüseyin ; Crane, Howard (2000). The garden of the mosques : Hafiz Hüseyin al-Ayvansarayî's guide to the Muslim monuments of Ottoman Istanbul. Brill. hlm. 21. ISBN90-04-11242-1. Kosem Valide Mahpeyker, known also simply as Kosem Sultan (c. 1589–1651), consort of Sultan Ahmed I and mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I. Greek by birth, she exercised a decisive influence in the Ottoman statePemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
^ abDavis, Fanny (1970). The Palace of Topkapi in Istanbul. Scribner. hlm. 227–228. OCLC636864790. Kosem was said to have been the daughter of a Greek priest of one of the Aegean islands, probably captured during one of the Ottoman-Venetian maritime campaigns. Her name was Anastasia but was changed after her conversion, no doubt on her admission to the palace, to Mâh-Peyker (Moon-Shaped), and later by Sultan Ahmet to Kosem
^Hogan, Christine (2006). The Veiled Lands: A Woman's Journey Into the Heart of the Islamic World. Macmillan Publishers Aus. hlm. 74. ISBN9781405037013.
^ abFreely, John (1996). Istanbul: the imperial city. Viking. hlm. 215. ISBN0-14-024461-1. Then around 1608 Ahmet found a new favourite, a Greek girl named Anastasia, who had been captured on the island of Tinos and sent as a slave to the Harem, where she took the name of Kosem
^Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan (1993). Minorities and the destruction of the Ottoman Empire. Turkish Historical Society Printing House. hlm. 61. ISBN975-16-0544-X. Many of the women of the harem were non-Muslim, for example Kösem Sultan was born in 1590 as Anastasia. The Governor of Bosnia had sent her to the Sultan. She was the wife of Ahmet I (1603–17), and the mother of Murat IV (1623–40), and of Ibrahim I (1640–8)
