Keteraturan mandiri

Keteraturan mandiri, atau yang juga dikenal sebagai keteraturan spontan dalam ilmu sosial, adalah sebuah proses dimana suatu wujud keteraturan muncul dari interaksi-interaksi lokal diantara bagian-bagian dari sistem yang tak teratur. Proses ini dapat terjadi secara spontan bila energi yang cukup tersedia, tidak dibutuhkan kendali dari suatu agen eksternal. Biasanya hal ini dipicu oleh fluktuasi-fluktuasi yang tampaknya acak, diperkuat oleh timbal balik positif. Keteraturan yang dihasilkan semuanya tidak terpusat, tersebar di seluruh komponen-komponen sistem. Oleh karena itu, keteraturannya "tangguh" dan dapat sintas atau memperbaiki dirinya sendiri dari gangguan yang substansial. Teori kekacauan membahas keteraturan mandiri dalam lingkup pulau prediktabilitas dalam lautan ketidakprediktabilitas yang kacau.

Keteraturan mandiri terjadi di banyak sistem-sistem fisik, kimiawi, biologis, robotik dan kognitif. Contoh dari keteraturan mandiri mencakup kristalisasi, konveksi termal pada fluida, osilasi kimia, kerumunan hewan, sirkuit neural dan pasar gelap.

Referensi

^ Betzler, S. B.; Wisnet, A.; Breitbach, B.; Mitterbauer, C.; Weickert, J.; Schmidt-Mende, L.; Scheu, C. (2014). "Template-free synthesis of novel, highly-ordered 3D hierarchical Nb₃O₇(OH) superstructures with semiconductive and photoactive properties" (PDF). Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2 (30): 12005. doi:10.1039/C4TA02202E .

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[1] Betzler, S. B.; Wisnet, A.; Breitbach, B.; Mitterbauer, C.; Weickert, J.; Schmidt-Mende, L.; Scheu, C. (2014). "Template-free synthesis of novel, highly-ordered 3D hierarchical Nb₃O₇(OH) superstructures with semiconductive and photoactive properties" (PDF). Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2 (30): 12005. doi:10.1039/C4TA02202E .

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